Glossary & Sources

Glossary

The data room explains its terms inline where they first appear. This is the consolidated reference.

Carbon and nature-finance

REDD+ — programs that pay countries to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.
ART-TREES — the standard used to certify forest-protection results across a whole country or state; it deducts creditable tonnes in proportion to measurement uncertainty.
Verra — the largest carbon-credit registry; VM0048 is its forest-carbon methodology.
LEAF Coalition / Emergent — a coalition of governments and corporations that buys tropical-forest results at scale; Emergent is its commercial intermediary.
GCF (Green Climate Fund) — the United Nations' main climate fund.
TFFF (Tropical Forests Forever Facility) — a fund launched in 2025 that pays forest nations to keep forests standing, per hectare.
CORSIA — the global scheme that offsets international-aviation emissions; its second phase becomes mandatory in 2027.
Article 6.2 (Paris Agreement) — the mechanism for one country to buy verified emission reductions from another toward its own target.
ITMO — an internationally transferred mitigation outcome, the unit traded under Article 6.2.
EUDR (EU Deforestation Regulation) — the EU rule requiring proof that imported goods are not linked to deforestation; main obligations from December 2026.
SEEA — the UN System of Environmental-Economic Accounting, the standard for national ecosystem accounts.
MRV — measurement, reporting and verification: the evidence layer beneath every nature instrument.
VVB — a validation and verification body, the accredited independent verifier.

Measurement and science

eDNA — environmental DNA: species presence read from genetic traces in soil and water.
LiDAR — laser scanning that builds a three-dimensional model of forest structure.
GEDI — NASA's spaceborne forest-structure mission, a free satellite baseline.
Flux tower (eddy-covariance) — an instrument that directly measures the carbon, methane and water a forest exchanges with the air.
ROOT — CeibaQ's calibrated reference model of the Amazon, built once and reused; the asset behind the product.
PIACI — the protected zone of indigenous peoples in isolation or initial contact, excluded from the usable concession area.
ACR — a Regional Conservation Area in Peru.
FPIC — free, prior and informed consent from the communities on the land.
Nagoya Protocol / ABS — the access-and-benefit-sharing regime governing genetic-resource data.

Finance and accounting

GATE 0 — the first signed paying contract, the milestone the raise is built to reach.
EBITDA — earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation.
DCF — discounted cash flow.
MOIC / IRR — the multiple of invested capital returned at exit, and its annualised rate.
SAFE — a simple agreement for future equity.
NCI — a non-controlling interest (the minority stake in a subsidiary).
IFRS 15 / IAS 20 / ISAE 3000 and 3410 — the accounting standards for revenue recognition, government grants, and assurance.
Law 27037 — Peru's Amazon Investment Promotion Law (5% corporate income tax, 0% import duties, through 2048).

Sources

Figures in the data room are drawn from primary sources and named transactions wherever possible. The principal references, by theme:

Named transactions (committed capital and deals)

Guyana–Hess Corporation jurisdictional carbon agreement ($750M).
World Bank reforestation-linked bond ($225M); IDB and World Bank Amazonia Bond program ($1B, first $100M to Brazil, 2025).
Green Climate Fund payment to Brazil for verified results ($96.5M).
Norway–Peru bilateral program through PROFONANPE ($10M received, envelope above $200M).
Carbon Direct's acquisition of Pachama (2025).

Market sizing and pricing

Ecosystem Marketplace (State of the Voluntary Carbon Market); MSCI (Future Size of the Voluntary Carbon Market); BloombergNEF; Climate Bonds Initiative.
WEF and McKinsey (biodiversity-credit demand); UNEP (State of Finance for Nature); Nature4Climate (nature-tech market).
Competitor funding figures compiled from disclosed funding rounds.

Standards and regulation (primary)

ART-TREES 2.0; Verra VM0048; the UN SEEA-EA (2021); Peru's Law 27037; the EU Deforestation Regulation; Paris Agreement Article 6.2.

Quotations

The competitor quotations in Competitive Landscape are public remarks from the IETA LIVE webinar, "Leveraging AI for the Future of Carbon Markets" (2026).

All forward-looking figures are management estimates, gated on execution, as set out in the Important Notice. Where a figure could not be confirmed from a primary source, the data room either omits it or flags it.